TRAIN Act
Latest action (24 Jul 2025): Introduced
What this bill does
The TRAIN Act (S. 2455) would amend federal copyright law to create a new administrative subpoena process allowing copyright owners to find out whether their works were used to train generative artificial intelligence models. A copyright owner (or their authorized representative) who has a good-faith belief that a developer used their copyrighted material for training could ask a federal district court clerk to issue a subpoena requiring that developer to disclose copies of, or records identifying, the specific training material drawn from that owner's works. The clerk must issue the subpoena if it and an accompanying sworn declaration are properly completed; developers must comply expeditiously.
The bill affects copyright owners, who gain a tool to investigate potential unauthorized use of their works in AI training; and developers of generative AI models (excluding noncommercial individual users), who would be required to respond to such subpoenas. Owners receiving records must keep them confidential and use them only to protect their rights. If a developer doesn't comply, that failure creates a rebuttable legal presumption that copying occurred. Owners who request subpoenas in bad faith can face court sanctions.
The bill was introduced in the Senate on July 24, 2025, by Senator Peter Welch with bipartisan co-sponsors, and referred to the Senate Judiciary Committee. It has not yet received a committee vote, floor vote, or been enacted; further committee action would be required before it could advance.
Plain-English summary generated by Bill100 AI from the official record. Always verify against the source below.
Official summary
This bill is in the first stage of the legislative process. It was introduced into Congress on July 24, 2025. It will typically be considered by committee next before it is possibly sent on to the House or Senate as a whole.
Common questions
- What does S. 2455 do?
- The TRAIN Act (S. 2455) would amend federal copyright law to create a new administrative subpoena process allowing copyright owners to find out whether their works were used to train generative artificial intelligence models. A copyright owner (or their authorized representative) who has a good-faith belief that a developer used their copyrighted material for training could ask a federal district court clerk to issue a subpoena requiring that developer to disclose copies of, or records identifying, the specific training material drawn from that owner's works. The clerk must issue the subpoena if it and an accompanying sworn declaration are properly completed; developers must comply expeditiously. The bill affects copyright owners, who gain a tool to investigate potential unauthorized use of their works in AI training; and developers of generative AI models (excluding noncommercial individual users), who would be required to respond to such subpoenas. Owners receiving records must keep them confidential and use them only to protect their rights. If a developer doesn't comply, that failure creates a rebuttable legal presumption that copying occurred. Owners who request subpoenas in bad faith can face court sanctions. The bill was introduced in the Senate on July 24, 2025, by Senator Peter Welch with bipartisan co-sponsors, and referred to the Senate Judiciary Committee. It has not yet received a committee vote, floor vote, or been enacted; further committee action would be required before it could advance.
- Has S. 2455 become law?
- Not yet. As of 24 Jul 2025, S. 2455 is introduced.
- Who sponsored S. 2455?
- S. 2455 was sponsored by Sen. Peter Welch [D-VT] (Democrat-VT), with 3 cosponsors.
- What's the latest action on S. 2455?
- Introduced (24 Jul 2025).
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